Hazelton v. Murray’s Empirical Analysis
1956
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 21 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 40 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2016 · most notably De Veau v. Braisted (1960), Doe v. Poritz (1995)
8 federal appellate · 21 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Linehan v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor · Linehan v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor · 117 F. Supp. 308 - Staten Island Loaders, Inc. v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor · 130 F. Supp. 303 - Bradley v. Waterfront Com'n of New York Harbor · 118 F. Supp. 236 - O'ROURKE v. Waterfront Commission
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 40 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““(b) Criminal exploitation and extortion. —Criminal elements and criminal activities are firmly entrenched on the waterfront primarily through their grip on the organized labor movement. For many years it has been generally accepted that the place for an ex-convict to find employment is around the docks. This, standing alone, would not be objectionable; no doubt many men who have paid their debt to society have been able to make a new start in such employment. But in this instance the scales have tipped the other way: the waterfront is not where a man can ‘go straight’ — it is where he can keep crooked. Criminals whose long records belie any suggestion that they can be reformed have been monopolizing controlling positions in the International Longshoremen’s Association and in local unions. Under their regimes gambling, the narcotics traffic, loansharking, shortganging, payroll ‘phantoms’, the ‘shakedown’ in all its forms — and the brutal ultimate of murder — have flourished, often virtually unchecked.” (p. 7)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“that the conditions under which waterfront labor is employed with the Port of New York district are depressing and degrading to such labor, resulting from the lack of any systemic method of hiring, the lack of adequate information as to the availability of employment, corrupt hiring practices, and the fact that persons conducting such hiring are frequently criminals and persons notoriously lacking in moral character and integrity and neither responsive or responsible to the employers nor to the uncoerced will of the majority members of the labor organizations of the employees; that as a result waterfront laborers suffer from irregularity of employment, fear and insecurity, inadequate earnings, an unduly high accident rate, subjection to borrowing at usurious rates of interest, exploitation and extortion as the price of securing employment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“If the conviction of crime is a proper consideration related to the public interest for the purposes of licensing and registering waterfront workers, much more so is the provision here under review which would wrest from the vicious criminal combine the means through which the corrupt conspiracy was perpetrated.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.