21 Va. App. 320 - Hargrave v. Commonwealth’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
17 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 17 later decisions — most recently December 2000
17 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Swansboro Country, Inc. v. Lumberman's Mortgage Co. · Wilson v. Arkansas · Richardson v. Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. · Union Labor Life Insurance v. Pireno · Keeter v. Commonwealth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 17 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The reasons for the requirement of notice of purpose and authority have been said to be that the law abhors unnecessary breaking or destruction of any house, because the dweller in the house would not know the purpose of the person breaking in, unless he were notified, and would have a right to resist seeming aggression on his private property.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[T]he lapse of a reasonable amount of time for occupants to respond after police officers knock and announce their presence may well be an exigent circumstance from which the officers can infer that if occupants are present in the residence, they are not responding for some reason. Thus, although the disposable nature of drugs is not an exigent circumstance that alone justifies a forced entry, the failure of the occupants to respond within a reasonable time after knocking and announcing will justify the use of that degree of force necessary to enter and execute a search warrant.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.