210 N.J. Super. 43 - State v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
1986
Citation profile
34 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently August 2007 · most notably State v. Martin (1990), State v. Gerald (1988)
34 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Burks v. United States · Greene v. Massey · Southern Railway Co. v. Seaboard Allied Milling Corp. · State v. Yarbough
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“... [I]n our view the rationale for [the Masino ] holding applies to the `substantial period' language as well where the kidnapping is alleged as incident to another crime. The `heart' of N.J.S.A. 2C:13-1b is the `isolation and increased risk of harm' to the victim. Masino, supra, 94 N.J. at 447 . Thus, the Court mandated that in the future trial judges should instruct juries `in terms of sufficient criminal significance that is more than incidental to the underlying crime and that substantially increases the risk of harm to the victim.' Ibid. We conclude that the same rationale applies to the confinement provisions and that the same instruction must be given with regard to confinement for a `substantial period.' [ 210 N.J. Super. at 60-61 ].”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a. Conduct is the cause of a result when: (1) It is an antecedent but for which the result in question would not have occurred; and (2) The relationship between the conduct and result satisfies any additional causal requirements imposed by the code or by the law defining the offense. * * * * * * * * e. When causing a particular result is a material element of an offense for which absolute liability is imposed by law, the element is not established unless the actual result is the probable consequence of the actor's conduct.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“in the course of such crime or of immediate flight therefrom, any person causes the death of a person other than one of the participants.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.