Crawford v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
212 U.S. 183 · 1909
Citation profile
394 federal appellate · 22 district · 117 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 649 later decisions (56 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2022 · most notably United States v. Olano (1993), Glasser v. United States (1942)
394 federal appellate · 22 district · 117 state decisions — followed in 29 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Wiltberger · Pettibone v. United States · Wiborg v. United States · Neal v. Clark
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 649 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Bias or prejudice is such an elusive condition of the mind that it is most difficult, if not impossible, to always recognize its existence, and it might exist in the mind of one (on account of his relations with one of the parties) who was quite positive that he had no bias, and said that he was perfectly able to decide the question wholly uninfluenced by anything but the evidence. The law therefore most wisely says that, with regard to some of the relations which may exist between the juror and one of the parties, bias is implied, and evidence of its actual existence need not be given.”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“ought to be received with suspicion, and with the very greatest care and caution, and ought not to be passed upon by the jury under the same rules governing other and apparently credible witnesses.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In criminal cases courts are not inclined to be as exacting, with reference to the specific character of the objection made, as in civil cases.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.