United States of America v. Eric Gray’s Empirical Analysis
213 F.3d 998 · 2000
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently February 2021 · most notably United States v. Caruthers (2006), United States v. Jones (2001)
21 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Ornelas v. United States · United States v. Cortez · Florida v. Bostick · Illinois v. Wardlow
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]oo many people fit this description for it to justify a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“observes unusual conduct which leads him reasonably to conclude in light of his experience that criminal activity may be afoot and that the persons with whom he is dealing may be armed and presently dangerous,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.