Public-domain · open source
OpenJurist

215 F.2d 575

Docket No. 14072.

Hacker v. United States

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals

Decided Sept. 15, 1954.

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals · decided 1954-09-15

2 counsel of record

Relies on Dickinson v. United States

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Opinion by (per_curiam) · Decided 1954-09-15

How this case has been cited

Cited by 14 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 1986

6 federal appellate · 1 district ·

801954196019701980decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1*576Harold Shire, Beverly Hills, Cal., Hayden C. Covington, Brooklyn, N. Y., for appellant.

¶2Laughlih E. Waters, U.- S. Atty., Ray H. Kinnison, Manuel Real, Asst. U. S. Attys., Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.

¶3Before .STEPHENS, BONE and POPE, .Circuit Judges.

¶4PER CURIAM.

¶5Hacker appeals from a judgment of conviction of refusal to submit to induction contrary' to the provisions of the Universal Military Training and Service Act, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 451 et seq. The facts in his case cannot be distinguished from those in Dickenson v. United States, 346 U.S. 389,. 74 S.Ct. 152. In the questionnaire filed with his local draft board he claimed classification as a minister of religion. He furnished the board a number of documents and affidavits tending to support this claim. Among these was a certificate of the Superintendent of Ministers and Evangelists of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society that he was an ordained minister of that society, in the full-time ministry as a “pioneer”, and authorized to perform all the usual rites and ceremonies of Jehovah’s Witnesses. There was also an affidavit of all the members of his congregation that he was its only full-time minister. He disclosed that he had -a part-time secular job, driving a school .bus. This averaged about fifteen hours a week, and paid him only $640.40 per year. This work was done early in the mornings and late in the afternoons, and .extended only during the school months. However, he showed that he spent much time’in “missionary work”, making calls, in addition to his ministerial work preaching to his own congregation. His showing was that he was one of the few Jehovah’s Witnesses engaged in preaching full time. There was no evidence to the contrary.

¶6We therefore hold, on the authority of the Dickenson case, that the denial of a ministerial exemption to appellant was without basis in fact.

¶7The judgment is reversed.

/215/f2d/575 · .json · Public domain