Friday v. Hall & Kaul Co.’s Empirical Analysis
216 U.S. 449 · 1910
Citation profile
7 federal appellate · 2 district · 18 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 41 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently October 2001 · most notably Continental Illinois Nat Bank Trust Co of Chicago v. Chicago R I & P Ry Co (1935), Connecticut Sand & Stone Corporation v. Zoning Board of Appeals (1963)
7 federal appellate · 2 district · 18 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedHall & Kaul Co. v. Friday (from Third Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Rector Etc of Holy Trinity Church v. United States · United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Ass'n · Kidd v. Pearson · United States v. Cerecedo Hermanos y Compañia · Platt v. Union Pacific Railroad
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 41 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The production of concrete arches, or piers, or abutments, is the result of successive steps. The combination of raw material, the sand, the limestone, the cement, and the water, produced a product, which undoubtedly was manufactured. This concrete had then to be given shape. That required the manufacture of molds, which remain in place until hardening occurs. If the concrete is reinforced, as is the case where great strength is required, then the adjustment of the bars of steel within the mold- was another step. Do all of these steps, each a step in ‘manufacturing,’ cease to be ‘manufacturing’ because the molds into which the concrete is poured, when in a fluid' state, are upon the spot where the finished product is to remain? That the operation of making and shaping the concrete is done at the place used seems rather a matter of convenience, due to the quick hardening in molds and difficulties-of transportation. But, as we may take notice, the operation which in the end is to produce an arch, or abutment, or pier, or house, is not necessarily a single operation, bnt one of successive repetitions of the process. The business is not identical with that of a mere builder or constructor, who puts together the brick or stone or wood or iron, as finished- by another. If the builder made his brick, shaped his timbers, and joined them altogether, he would plainly be a manufacturer, as well as a builder; and if the former was the principal part of the business, he would be within t”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.