Howley v. Town of Stratford’s Empirical Analysis
217 F.3d 141 · 2000
Citation profile
33 federal appellate · 34 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 277 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Holtz v. Rockefeller & Co. (2001), Alfano v. Costello (2002)
33 federal appellate · 34 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corporation · McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 277 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he court should not consider the record solely in piecemeal fashion, giving credence to innocent explanations for individual strands of evidence, for a jury, in assessing whether there was impermissible discrimination and whether the defendant’s proffered explanation is a pretext for such discrimination, would be entitled to view the evidence as a whole.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“verbal assault includ[ing] charges that Howley had gained her office of lieutenant only by performing fellatio.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“diminishing the respect accorded [plaintiff] by subordinates and thereby impairing her ability to lead”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.