Commonwealth v. Ray’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 18 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 23 later decisions — most recently April 2018
3 federal appellate · 18 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Commonwealth v. Melton · Commonwealth v. Haines · 189 Pa. Super. 399 - Commonwealth v. Butler · Wright v. Commonwealth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 23 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The right of the citizens to bear arms in defense of themselves and the state shall not be questioned.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.