218 Wis. 2d 245 - Tomczak v. Bailey’s Empirical Analysis
1998
Citation profile
68 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 72 later decisions — most recently April 2024 · most notably Aicher Ex Rel. LaBarge v. Wisconsin Patients Compensation Fund (2000), Wenke Ex Rel. Laufenberg v. Gehl Co. (2004)
68 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Gregg v. Georgia · Marks v. United States · Frontiero v. Richardson · City of Lakewood v. Plain Dealer Publishing Co. · Nichols v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 72 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) All classification[s] must be based upon substantial distinctions which make one class really different from another. (2) The classification adopted must be germane to the purpose of the law. (3) The classification must not be based upon existing circumstances only. [It must not be so constituted as to preclude addition to the numbers included within a class]. (4) To whatever class a law may apply, it must apply equally to each member thereof. (5) That the characteristics of each class should be so far different from those of other classes as to reasonably suggest at least the propriety, having regard to the public good, of substantially different legislation.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage“and bears no rational relationship to a legitimate governmental interest.'”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“'it is the court's obligation to locate or to construct, if possible, a rationale that might have influenced the legislature and that reasonably upholds the legislative determination.1”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.