Carmen Miller’s Empirical Analysis
2000
Citation profile
21
cited by 21 later decisions
1
states following
September 2022
most recently cited
17 district · 1 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · City of Canton v. Harris · Gutierrez-Rodriguez v. Cartagena · Bordanaro v. McLeod · Swain v. Spinney
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 21 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“First, the custom or practice must be attributable to the municipality, i.e., it must be “so well settled and widespread that the policymaking officials of the municipality can be said to have either actual or constructive knowledge of it yet did nothing to end the practice.” Bordanaro v. McLeod, 871 F.2d 1151, 1156 (1st Cir.1989). Second, the custom must have been the cause of and “the moving force” behind the deprivation of constitutional rights. Id. at 1157 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“his conduct or inaction amounts to reckless or callous indifference of her constitutional rights and that an affirmative link existed between the constitutional violation and his acts or omissions.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.