220 W. Va. 89 - State v. Middleton’s Empirical Analysis
2007
Citation profile
23
cited by 23 later decisions
3
states following
March 2017
most recently cited
23 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Delaware v. Van Arsdall · Escobedo v. Illinois · Rhode Island v. Innis · Moran v. Burbine
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 23 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A trial court's determination of whether a custodial interrogation environment exists for purposes of giving Miranda warnings to a suspect is based upon whether a reasonable person in the suspect’s position would have considered his or her freedom of action curtailed to a degree associated with a formal arrest, and The factors to be considered by the trial court in making a determination of whether a custodial interrogation environment exists, while not all-inclusive, include: the location and length of questioning; the nature of the questioning as it relates to the suspected offense; the number of police officers present; the use or absence of force or physical restraint by the police officers; the suspect’s verbal and nonverbal responses to the police officers; and the length of time between the questioning and formal arrest.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“A trial court’s determination of whether a custodial interrogation environment exists for purposes of giving Miranda warnings to a suspect is based upon whether a reasonable person in the suspect’s position would have considered his or her freedom of action curtailed to a degree associated with a formal arrest. In Syllabus Point 2 of Middleton we described some of the factors that should be considered when making a determination of whether a custodial environment exists:”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“Ultimately, this issue boils down to whether or not the incriminating statement `was freely and voluntarily made, without ... some promise or benefit held out to the accused.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.