United States v. Powell’s Empirical Analysis
222 F.3d 913 · 2000
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently June 2020 · most notably United States v. Gordon (2000), United States v. Acosta (2004)
15 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3731
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Wong Sun v. United States · United States v. Sokolow · Illinois v. Wardlow · United States v. Perdue
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“briefly for an investigatory stop if they ha[d] a reasonable, articulable suspicion based on objective facts that [he] ha[d] engaged in, or [was] about to engage in, criminal activity.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]n determining whether the seizure and search were `unreasonable' our inquiry is a dual one whether the officer's action was justified at its inception, and whether it was reasonably related in scope to the circumstances which justified the interference in the first place.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“While `reasonable suspicion' is a less demanding standard than probable cause and requires a showing considerably less than preponderance of the evidence, the Fourth Amendment requires at least a minimal level of objective justification for making the stop.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.