Quong Wing v. Kirkendall’s Empirical Analysis
223 U.S. 59 · 1912
Citation profile
28 federal appellate · 29 district · 185 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 415 later decisions (85 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2000 · most notably Meyer v. State of Nebraska (1923), Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell (1934)
28 federal appellate · 29 district · 185 state decisions — followed in 32 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Yick Wo v. Hopkins · Prentis v. Atlantic Coast Line Co. · Connolly v. Union Sewer Pipe Co. · Gulf Ry Co v. Ellis · Curt Muller v. State of Oregon
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 415 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““The case was argued upon the discrimination between the instrumentalities employed in the same business and that between men and women. * * * A state does not deny the equal protection of the laws merely by adjusting its revenue laws and taxing system in such a way as to favor certain industries or forms of industry. Like the United States, although with more restriction and in less degree, a state may carry out a policy, even a policy with which we might disagree. McLean v. Arkansas, 211 U.S. 539, 547 , 29 S.Ct. 206 , 53 L.Ed. 315, 319 ; Armour Packing Co. v. Lacy, 200 U.S. 226, 235 , 26 S.Ct. 232 , 50 L.Ed. 451, 456 ; Connolly v. Union Sewer Pipe Co., 184 U.S. 540, 562 , 22 S.Ct. 431 , 46 L.Ed. 679, 690 . It may make discriminations, if founded on distinctions that we cannot pronounce unreasonable and purely arbitrary, as was illustrated in American Sugar Ref. Co. v. Louisiana, 179 U.S. 89, 92, 95 , 21 S.Ct. 43 , 45 L.Ed. 102, 103, 105 ; Williams v. Fears, 179 U.S. 270, 276 , 21 S.Ct. 128 , 45 L.Ed. 186, 189 ; W. W. Cargill Co. v. Minnesota, 180 U.S. 452, 469 , 21 S.Ct. 423 , 45 L.Ed. 619, 627 . It may favor or discourage the liquor traffic or trusts. The criminal law is a whole body of policy on which states may and do differ. If the state sees fit to encourage steam laundries and discourage hand laundries, that is its own affair." (Italics ours.)”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““If Montana deems it advisable to put a lighter burden upon women than upon men with regard to an employment that our people commonly regard as more appropriate for the former, the 14th Amendment does not interfere by creating a fictitious equality where there is a real difference. The particular points at which that difference shall be emphasized by legislation are largely in the power of the state." (Italics ours.)”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““[l]aws frequently are enforced which the court recognizes as possibly or probably invalid if attacked by a different interest or in a different way.” Quong Wing v. Kirkendall, 223 U.S. 59 , 64, 32 S.Ct. 192 , 193, 56 L.Ed. 350 (1912)”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.