majority"> Winborne, J.

This is the pivotal question for decision on this appeal: "Where bonds of a county are payable at a certain banking institution on the first day of a county fiscal year, and before the close of the next preceding fiscal year the county makes available at such institution funds for payment of such bonds, are the bonds outstanding at the close of the latter year within the meaning of Article Y, section 4, of the Constitution of North Carolina? The answer is “Yes.” See Article V, section 4, of Constitution of North Carolina. Royal v. Sampson County, 214 N. C., 259, 199 S. E., 15.

Article V, section 4, of the Constitution of North Carolina, as amended in 1936, after specifying certain purposes for which the General Assembly shall have the power to contract debts and pledge the faith and credit of the State, and for which it may authorize counties and municipalities to contract debts and pledge their faith and credit, provides as follows: “For any purpose other than these enumerated, the General Assembly shall have no power, during any biennium, to contract new debts on behalf of the State to an amount in excess of two-thirds of the amount by which the State’s outstanding indebtedness shall have been reduced during the next preceding biennium, unless the subject be submitted *128 to a vote of the people of tbe State; and for any purpose other than these enumerated the General Assembly shall have no power to authorize counties or municipalities to contract debts, during any fiscal year, to an amount exceeding two-thirds of the amount by which the outstanding-indebtedness of the particular county or municipality shall have been reduced during the next preceding fiscal year, unless the subject be submitted to a vote of the people of the particular county or municipality.”

The fiscal year as defined in the County Fiscal Control Act, G. S., 153-114, “is the annual period for the compilation of fiscal operations, and begins on the first day of July and ends on the 30th day of June.”

When, then, is indebtedness outstanding within the meaning of the above constitutional provision?

Speaking thereto in the case of Royal v. Sampson County, supra, Seawall, J., writing for the Court, and speaking to the “net debt theory” advanced there, and after defining the term “outstanding” as qualifying the indebtedness required to be reduced, stated: “The language used in the Constitution seems to be plain and uninvolved and does not contemplate striking a balance between liabilities and assets, even though certain sums may be earmarked for application to the debt. The transaction to which it refers must be carried out actually rather than constructively”; and, continuing, “Speaking strictly to the question presented under this head, we are of opinion that no reduction of outstanding indebtedness occurs by the mere collection of a sinking fund, but does take place when actual payment is made to the creditor out of the sinking fund or other applicable revenues, which results in the extinction of the debt and leaves the creditor without further demands on the revenues or taxing powers of the county or municipality for its satisfaction.”

It seems clear, therefore, that bonds are outstanding within the meaning of the term of Article V, section 4, of the Constitution, until actually paid and canceled, or delivered to the county for cancellation.

Applying this principle to the case in hand, the $65,000 bonds were not due until 1 July, 1945, the beginning of a new fiscal year, and though funds were provided in the next preceding fiscal year, they were not actually paid to the creditors until after the first of July, 1945; nor were the bonds surrendered until after the beginning of the new fiscal year. Hence, 'they were outstanding at the close of the next preceding fiscal year, 30 June, 1945, and may not be taken into account in ascertaining the amount by which the county had reduced its outstanding indebtedness 'in that fiscal year.

The restriction of Article Y, section 4, of the Constitution has been applied (1) in the case of Hallyburton v. Board of Education (1938), 213 N. C., 9, 195 S. E., 21, where Burke County sought to procure a loan from the State Literary Fund for the purpose of erecting and *129 equipping certain school buildings in the county without having submitted the question to a vote of the people; and (2) in the case of Gill v. Charlotte (1938), 213 N. C., 160, 195 S. E., 368, where the City of Charlotte proposed to issue bonds for street and sewerage construction or extension without a vote of the people. In these cases Barnhill, J., speaking for the Court, discussed the background and purpose of the constitutional provisions in the light'of the factual situations in hand. "What is said there is appropriate here. "We quote in part from the Hallyburton case, supra: “It follows that the provisions of Article Y, sec. 4, now constitute the dominant or controlling limitation upon the power of local units to contract debts or to issue its bonds, and its provisions are superimposed upon the limitations contained in Article VII, see. 7, and in Article V, sec. 6, of the Constitution. To the provisions of the section under consideration the former decisions of this Court must likewise yield and are no longer authoritative except within the limitations of this section. . . . The primary duty to provide for a six months public school during each year and to furnish the necessary buildings and equipment therefor rests primarily upon the State. The State in turn is empowered to, and has, delegated to the several counties the duty to furnish the necessary buildings for the constitutional school term. The board of commissioners of a county, however, are without authority to comply with this delegation of power in violation of the provisions of the section of the Constitution under consideration without first submitting the question to a vote of the people. If the people of the county or other municipal corporation will not by their vote authorize an increase of the bonded debt beyond the prescribed limitations the State will have to devise other means to meet the requirements of the Constitution in respect to education.”

The judgment below is

Affirmed.

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