Bell v. . Chadwick’s Empirical Analysis
1946
Citation profile
12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 12 later decisions — most recently July 2008
12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 12 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““[T]he proffered testimony of the defendant Chadwick that he did not adopt, or intend to adopt, as his seal, the word ‘Seal’ appearing in brackets at the end of the line opposite his signature, was properly excluded under the rule which prohibits the introduction of parol testimony to vary, modify, or contradict the terms of a written instrument.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage“parol evidence will not be heard to contradict, add to, take from or in any way vary the terms of a contract put in writing . . . for the reason that the parties, when they reduce their contract to writing, are presumed to have inserted in it all the provisions by which they intended to be bound.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.