23 Cal. 3d 131 - Cramer v. Tyars’s Empirical Analysis
1979
Citation profile
12 federal appellate · 148 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 163 later decisions — most recently April 2018 · most notably 30 Cal. 3d 43 - People v. Collie (1981), People v. Hines (1997)
12 federal appellate · 148 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Gault · Malloy v. Hogan · Hoffman v. United States · Murphy v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 163 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a defendant in a criminal case has a privilege not to be called as a witness and not to testify”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“To the extent that the necessary elements of mental retardation and dangerousness may be established by evidence of criminal conduct, such evidence must, in its entirety, be elicited from sources other than the individual who is the subject of the commitment proceeding. In the matter before us the trial court, referring to Tyars, observed that `This is not a proceeding in which he could refuse to testify on the grounds that his testimony might tend to incriminate him.' This was error.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Cramer v. Shay“can be claimed in any proceedings, be it criminal or civil, administrative or judicial, investigatory or adjudicatory ... it protects any disclosures which the witness may reasonably apprehend could be used in a criminal prosecution or which could lead to other evidence that might be so used.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.