United States v. Sandles’s Empirical Analysis
23 F.3d 1121 · 1994
Citation profile
30 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 47 later decisions — most recently November 2024 · most notably United States v. Hill (2001), United States v. Oreye (2001)
30 federal appellate · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Johnson v. Zerbst · Faretta v. California · Adams v. United States Ex Rel. McCann · Needler v. Valley National Bank of Arizona · Raphan v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 47 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[A] defendant who raises the possibility of representing himself at trial places the ... court between the Scylla of trammeling the defendant’s constitutional right to present his own defense ... and the Charybdis of shirking its “constitutional duty to ensure that the defendant only represents himself with fall awareness that the exercise of that right is fraught with dangers.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Although a defendant need not himself have the skill and experience of a lawyer in order competently and intelligently to choose self- representation, he should be made aware of the dangers and disadvantages of self- representation, so that the record will establish that 'he knows what he is doing and his choice is made with eyes open'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“strongly suggesting] that a trial court, at minimum, inquire of the defendant’s age and level of education, and inform him of the crimes with which he was charged, the nature of those charges, and the possible sentences they carry”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.