People v. Miles’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

16 federal appellate · 55 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 83 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “In short, the Levy * * * rule was designed to prevent gross distortion of lesser crimes into a much more serious crime by excess of prosecutorial zeal. It was not designed to merge “true" kidnappings into other crimes merely because the kidnappings were used to accomplish ultimate crimes of lesser or equal or greater gravity. Moreover, it is the rare kidnapping that is an end in itself; almost invariably there is another ultimate crime. [Emphasis added]”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Masino · State v. Stouffer

2. ““***The more complicated nature of the asportation, with changes in purpose and direction, first to a place in New Jersey, and then to New York, for purposes connected with but not directly instrumental to the attempt to kill Brooks, removes this case from the exception of the Levy-Lombardi rule. u * * * “***Nor was the Levy-Lombardi rule intended to exclude from the ‘traditional’ or ‘conventional’ kidnapping abductions designed to effect extortions or accomplish murder.””

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Logan

3. “1.The movement element must not be “merely incidental” to the commission of another underlying lesser crime. 2. The movement of a “more complicated nature” may sustain a kidnapping charge. 3. Statutory kidnapping continues to include “traditional” or “conventional” kidnapping abductions designed to effect extortions or accomplish murder.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Salter v. State