United States v. Grayer’s Empirical Analysis
2007
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 8 later decisions — most recently March 2023
2 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act)
Relies on Payton v. New York · United States v. Matlock · Rawlings v. Kentucky · Illinois v. Rodriguez · Griffin v. Wisconsin
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“); see Murphy v. State, 898 So.2d 1031 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005). As such, a knock on the door and subsequent discussion is a purely consensual encounter, which officers may initiate without any objective level of suspicion. Thomas, 430 F.3d at 277 ; see Bennett v. City of Eastpointe, 410 F.3d 810, 821 (6th Cir.2005) (”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“which has been recognized as a legitimate investigative procedure so long as the encounter does not evolve into a constructive entry. United States v. Grayer, 232 Fed.Appx. 446 (6th Cir.2007); United States v. Thomas, 430 F.3d 274, 277 (6th Cir.2005) (”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Consensual encounters do not lose their propriety, moreover, merely because they take place at the entrance of a citizen's home.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.