Westerman. v. Stout’s Empirical Analysis
1975
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 47 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 49 later decisions — most recently November 2023 · most notably 259 Pa. Super. 509 - Lewis v. Mellor (1978), 356 Pa. Super. 192 - Reimer v. Tien (1986)
2 federal appellate · 47 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Commonwealth v. Zapata · Heffernan v. Rosser · Wilson v. Pennsylvania Railroad · Casey v. Siciliano · Hudson v. Grace
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 49 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It was bound to anticipate the action of the wind and realize that the man-made fog could reach the roadway and cause visibility problems. In addition, the likelihood of such an accident was so obvious and the requirements for reducing the risk so minimal in comparison, that it was unreasonable to permit this condition to exist.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“questions concerned with the admission or exclusion of evidence are within the sound discretion of the trial court and will be reversed on appeal only where a clear abuse of discretion exists.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“that the party confronted with the emergency acted in a reasonable manner in light of the circumstances.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.