People v. Null’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

38 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “(1) the time, place, and purpose of the encounter; (2) the persons present during the interrogation; (8) the words spoken by the officer to the defendant; (4) the officer's tone of voice and general demeanor; (5) the length and mood of the interrogation; (6) whether any limitation of movement or other form of restraint was placed on the defendant during the interrogation; (7) the officer's response to any questions asked by the defendant; (8) whether directions were given to the defendant during the interrogation; and (9) the defendant's verbal or nonverbal response to such directions.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. People v. Marko · People v. Montante

2. “€™s] position would [have] believe[d] himself to be deprived of his freedom of action to the degree associated with a formal arrest.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. People v. Marko · People v. Montante

3. “€œThis is an objective inquiry made on a case-by-case basis in light of the totality of the circumstances.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. People v. Marko · People v. Montante