State v. Szymkiewicz’s Empirical Analysis
1996
Citation profile
68 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 70 later decisions — most recently December 2020 · most notably Castagno v. Wholean (1996), Packer v. Board of Education (1998)
68 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire · Cohen v. California · Texas v. Johnson · City of Houston v. Hill · Lewis v. City of New Orleans
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 70 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“speech that has a direct tendency to cause imminent acts of violence or an immediate breach of the peace. Such speech must be of such a nature that it is likely to provoke the average person to retaliation.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“[t]he term `fighting,' by its plain meaning, involves physical force. The phrase `violent, tumultuous or threatening behavior' also refers to physical action. . . . [T]he Appellate Court . . . [has] construed `violent, tumultuous or threatening behavior' . . . to mean `conduct which actually involves physical violence or portends imminent physical violence.'. . . Similarly . . . the Appellate Session of the Superior Court read the term `tumultuous' in connection with its surrounding words, `violent' and `threatening,' and held that, because its meaning should be ascertained by reference to those associated words. `yelling and cursing unaccompanied by violent CT Page 16047 behavior is not prohibited by' § 53a-182 (a)(1). In accordance with these decisions, we conclude that the terms `fighting' and `violent' lend an aspect of physicality to the more nebulous terms `tumultuous' and `threatening.' Thus, we conclude that subdivision (1) of § 53a-182 (a) prohibits physical fighting, and physically violent, threatening or tumultuous behavior.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“and, consequently, the police were called. (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id. After arriving and conducting a brief investigation, a police officer arrested the defendant for shoplifting. Id. The officer handcuffed the defendant and led her down the stairs. Id. As the defendant was escorted down the stairs from the manager's office by the police officer and the store detective, she said”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Baccala
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.