24 Va. App. 454 - Cruz v. Commonwealth’s Empirical Analysis
1997
Citation profile
19 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 19 later decisions — most recently March 2016
19 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Brady v. United States · Illinois v. Allen · Ohio v. Gallagher · Taylor v. United States · Phelps Dodge Corp. v. AFL-CIO Joint Negotiating Committee
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““[Vjoluntary waiver ... cannot be shown unless the defendant (1) has been given notice of his trial date; and (2) has been warned that his failure to appear could result in a trial in his absence. Cruz’s explanation that he missed trial because he drank too much and overslept clearly supports the trial court’s finding that his absence was, indeed, voluntary.””
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Pinkney v. State“A voluntary and intelligent waiver ... could be shown by establishing that an officer of the court has explained to the defendant that failure to appear at trial could result in his being tried in his absence. Here ... no Sisk warnings were given.... We ...' hold that voluntary absence, standing alone, does not constitute a knowing and intelligent waiver.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Pinkney v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.