Rogene Gorence Jan Wolf Cary Bruce v. Eagle Food Centers Incorporated’s Empirical Analysis
242 F.3d 759 · 2001
Citation profile
51 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 113 later decisions — most recently April 2020 · most notably Rogers v. City of Chicago (2003), Haywood v. Lucent Technologies, Inc. (2003)
51 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 621 (§ 2 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 626 (§ 7 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc. · Troupe v. May Department Stores Co. · Dale v. Chicago Tribune Co. · Miller v. American Family Mutual Insurance
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 113 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[B]igotry, per se, is not actionable. It is actionable only if it results in injury to a plaintiff; there must be a real link between the bigotry and an adverse employment action.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“No application of law to facts, however, is ever quite so simple as setting out principles of law. After over three and a half decades of laws prohibiting employment discrimination in one form or another, employers are fairly unlikely to be caught making statements such as, “I fired Judy because she was an old woman.” Workplaces remain, though, places filled with persons who express thoughts which often reveal bias or ignorance. Those persons can be caught saying, for example, something like, “Old women are hard to deal with.” The first statement proves intentional discrimination; the second, without more, does not”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“What the qualifications for a position are, even if those qualifications change, is a business decision, one courts should not interfere with. We do not tell employers what the requirements for a job must be.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.