People v. Defore’s Empirical Analysis
1926
Citation profile
134 federal appellate · 20 district · 309 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 578 later decisions (46 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2025 · most notably Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics (1971), United States v. Leon (1984)
134 federal appellate · 20 district · 309 state decisions — followed in 42 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Carroll v. United States · Boyd v. United States · Weeks v. United States · Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States · Agnello v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 578 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he criminal is to go free because the constable has blundered.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage“[t]he pettiest peace officer would have it in his power through overzeal or indiscretion to confer immunity upon an offender for crimes the most flagitious.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“A defendant is 'protected from producing his documents in response to a subpoena duces tecum, for his production of them in court would be his voucher of their genuineness.' There would then be 'testimonial compulsion'.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.