Brown v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
245 F.2d 549 · 1957
Citation profile
85 federal appellate · 6 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 119 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2006 · most notably United States v. Mandujano (1976), Bursey v. United States (1972)
85 federal appellate · 6 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Fotie v. United States · 140 F. Supp. 383 - United States v. Icardi
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 119 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]f a conspiracy is what the inquiry is directed at, the acts and conduct of the alleged conspirators that may have occurred in a district other than that where the grand jury is sitting may be gone into.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“`must be shown by clear, convincing, and direct evidence to a moral certainty and beyond a reasonable doubt.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[M]ateriality of statements made in a grand jury investigation may more readily appear than that of similar evidence offered on an issue in civil or criminal litigation, since the purpose of the investigation is to get at facts which will enable the grand jury to determine whether formal charges should be made against someone rather than prove matters directly at issue. (citation omitted) Leads to further inquiry may be of material worth to an investigation. Thus the test of materiality is whether the false testimony has the natural effect or tendency to impede, influence or dissuade the grand jury from pursuing its investigation. (citations omitted) A grand jury's investigation is not fully carried out until every available clue has been run down and all witnesses examined in every proper way to find if a crime has been committed; its investigation proceeds step-by-step and a false statement by a witness, such as Stone, in any step, even though not relevant in an essential sense to the ultimate issues pending before the grand jury, may be material in that it tends to influence or impede the course of the investigation. (citations omitted) Materiality must only be established as of the time the witness answers were given since materiality refers merely to the relationship between the interrogation and the grand jury's objective at the time.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.