Negrich v. Hohn’s Empirical Analysis
1965
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 19 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 1993
6 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 242 · 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 28 U.S.C. § 1346 (Federal Tort Claims Act) · 42 U.S.C. § 1975 (Civil Rights Commission Act of 1983) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Monroe v. Pape · Jackson v. Denno · Griswold v. State of Connecticut · Rochin v. People of California · Reynolds v. Sims
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Not every physical hardship or restraint suffered in the course of governmental activity is to be regarded as punishment. Otherwise much military training in the armed services, and even the space program, would be proscribed. Punishment is a penalty inflicted by a judicial tribunal in accordance with the law in retribution for criminal conduct. Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez, 372 U.S. 144, 164-167 , 83 S.Ct. 554 , 9 L.Ed.2d 644 (1963); cf. United States v. Brown, 381 U.S. 437, 456-457 , 85 S.Ct. 1707 , 14 L.Ed.2d 484 (1965). (emphasis added) Negrich v. Hohn, supra, at 176 . Zwick v. Freeman, 373 F.2d 110 (2d Cir. 1967).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““It is not only vain, but wicked, in a legislator to frame laws in opposition to the laws of nature ... The law of nature impels every one to escape from confinement; it should not therefore be subjected to punishment. Let the legislator restrain his criminal by walls, not by parchment." 2 Boyd, Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1950) 502 [quoted in Neg-rich v. Hohn, 246 F.Supp. 173 , 179 (W.D.Pa.1965), aff'd 379 F.2d 213 (C.A.3,1967) ].”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Bailey v. Spears
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.