Summers v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1967
Citation profile
9 federal appellate · 120 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 130 later decisions — most recently August 2025 · most notably Neller v. State (1968), In the Matter of Lemond (1980)
9 federal appellate · 120 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Gault · Kent v. United States · Pee v. United States · McCord v. Bright · Robertson v. State ex rel. Smith
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 130 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"(Judge Harold N. Fields) CONDUCTED a full investigation of the matter and now finds: 1. The child is (was) over fifteen (15) years of age and under eighteen (18) years of age to wit: 17 years, at the time of the charged offense. 2. The offense charged would be a crime if committed by an adult, to wit: DISORDERLY CONDUCT. 3. The matter has specific prosecutive merit in the opinion of the Prosecutor if waived to a court of adult criminal jurisdiction. 4. That if the matter were to be retained in the juvenile jurisdiction and child adjudged to be delinquent, no disposition available to the Juvenile Court is reasonably calculated to effect rehabilitation in that: The case cannot be heard in Juvenile Court and disposition made until after the child has reached the age of eighteen (18) years, thus precluding commitment to a state institution."”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““(b) Whenever a child sixteen (16) years of age or older is charged with any of the following offenses which would amount to a crime if committed by an adult: second degree murder, voluntary manslaughter, kidnapping, rape, malicious mayhem, commission of a felony while armed, inflicting injury in the commission of a felony, robbery, first degree burglary, aggravated assault and battery, or assault and battery with intent to commit any of the felonies enumerated in this subsection, the juvenile court upon motion by the prosecuting attorney shall, after full investigation and hearing, waive jurisdiction and order such child held for trial under the regular procedure of the court which would have jurisdiction of the offense if committed by an adult, unless the court finds that either: (1) there is probable cause to believe the offense does not have specific prose-cutive merit; or (2) it would be in the best interest of the child and of public welfare and public security for the juvenile to remain with the regular statutory juvenile system.””
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“and unless such preliminary statutory procedural steps are taken there is no jurisdiction established.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.