Kennedy v. Gray’s Empirical Analysis
1991
Citation profile
11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 11 later decisions — most recently April 2020
11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese for United States and Canada v. Milivojevich · Poland v. Arizona · Kleppe v. New Mexico · Reid v. Gholson · 340 So. 2d 746 - Abyssinia Missionary Baptist Church v. Nixon
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 11 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Reid v. Gholson, 229 Va. 179 , 327 S.E.2d 107 , cert. denied 474 U.S. 824 , 106 S.Ct. 80 , 88 L.Ed.2d 65 (1985), [where] the Virginia Supreme Court explained that hierarchical churches have their own established rules for discipline and internal government. The [Virginia Supreme Court] noted that these tribunals are frequently inherently tied to and based on ecclesiastical law developed over long periods of time. The court, relying on [Milivojevich], said that to delve into the decisionmaking processes of these bodies would entangle a court into the “religious thicket.” 229 Va. at 187 , 327 S.E.2d [at 112],”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority““The First and Fourteenth Amendments permit hierarchical religious organizations to establish their own rules and regulations for internal discipline and government and to create tribunals for adjudicating disputes over these matters. When this choice is exercised and ecclesiastical tribunals are created to decide disputes over the government and direction of subordinate bodies, the Constitution requires that civil courts accept tribunal decisions as binding upon the courts.” 248 Kan. 486 , Syl. ¶ 3.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“appeal only to the simple and fundamental principles of democratic government which are universally accepted in our society. These principles include the right to reasonable notice, the right to attend and advocate one’s views, and the right to an honest count of the votes. Such rights are fundamental to our notions of due process. They are neutral principles of law[.]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.