25 U.S.C. § 1451
Section 1451 · Congressional declaration of policy
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 40 court decisions — leading case White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker (1980)
Most recently applied in Soaring Eagle Casino & Resort v. National Labor Relations Board (July 2015)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment and consequential amendments — watch for a citation surge after a change. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
It is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress to provide capital on a reimbursable basis to help develop and utilize Indian resources, both physical and human, to a point where the Indians will fully exercise responsibility for the utilization and management of their own resources and where they will enjoy a standard of living from their own productive efforts comparable to that enjoyed by non-Indians in neighboring communities.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Short Title of 1984 Amendment
Pub. L. 98–449, §1, Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1725, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 47a of this title and amending sections 1461, 1465, 1481, 1484, 1491, 1497, 1512, 1522, 1523, 1541, and 1543 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Indian Financing Act Amendments of 1984’.”
Short Title
Section 1 of Pub. L. 93–262 provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Indian Financing Act of 1974’.”