25 U.S.C. § 180
Section 180 · Settling on or surveying lands belonging to Indians by treaty
Applied in 7 court decisions — leading case Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation v. Homestake Mining Co. (1983)
Most recently applied in 115 Fed. Cl. 116 - Skokomish Indian Tribe v. United States (March 2014)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Every person who makes a settlement on any lands belonging, secured, or granted by treaty with the United States to any Indian tribe, or surveys or attempts to survey such lands, or to designate any of the boundaries by marking trees, or otherwise, is liable to a penalty of $1,000. The President may, moreover, take such measures and employ such military force as he may judge necessary to remove any such person from the lands.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Codification
R.S. §2118 derived from act June 30, 1834, ch. 161, §11, 4 Stat. 730.