Michael Weston’s Empirical Analysis

2001

Citation profile

262

cited by 262 later decisions

February 2019

most recently cited

28 district ·

Relationships

Relies on Conley v. Gibson · Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. · Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson · Faragher v. City of Boca Raton · Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence and Coordination Unit

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 262 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

“[H]arassment is actionable under Title VII only if it is so severe or pervasive as to alter the conditions of the victim’s employment and create an abusive working environment. Workplace conduct is not measured in isolation; instead, whether an environment is sufficiently hostile or abusive must be judged by looking at all the circumstances, including the frequency of the discriminatory conduct; its severity; whether it is physically threatening or humiliating, or a mere offensive utterance; and whether it unreasonably interferes with an employee’s work performance.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
e.g. Ramirez v. Palmer Twp. · Briggs v. Temple Univ.
“(1) the employee suffered intentional discrimination because of their sex; (2) the discrimination was pervasive and regular; (3) the discrimination detrimentally affected the plaintiff; (4) the discrimination would detrimentally affect a reasonable person of the same sex in that position; and (5) the existence of respondeat superior liability.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
e.g. 733 F. Supp. 2d 597 - Dreshman v. Henry Clay Villa · 789 F. Supp. 2d 574 - Petril v. Cheyney University of Pennsylvania
“Hostile work environment harassment occurs when unwelcome sexual conduct unreasonably interferes with a person's performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment.” Weston v. Pennsylvania, 251 F.3d 420, 425-426 (3d Cir. 2001) (citations omitted).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
e.g. Antonia Garcia v. Newtown Township · 252 F. Supp. 2d 172 - Lulis v. Barnhart

How this case has been treated — in progress

Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.