Third District Court of Appeal
State of Florida
Opinion filed November 29, 2017.
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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No. 3D16-2484
Lower Tribunal No. 77-33454A
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James Eric Knight,
Appellant,
vs.
The State of Florida,
Appellee.
An Appeal under Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.141 (b)(2) from the
Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Stacy D. Glick, Judge.
Carlos J. Martinez, Public Defender, and Jeffrey Paul DeSousa, Assistant
Public Defender, for appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, and Douglas J. Glaid, Senior Assistant
Attorney General, for appellee.
Before SALTER, FERNANDEZ and LOGUE, JJ.
SALTER, J.
James Eric Knight appeals the denial of his Florida Rule of Criminal
Procedure 3.800(a) motion to correct an illegal sentence. As the motion alleged,
Knight was sentenced in Count II for an uncharged offense. This was fundamental
error. As such, the denial of the motion is reversed and remanded.
Knight was charged in Count II of the information with robbery based on the
taking of property “by force, violence, assault or putting in fear . . . in violation of
812.13 Florida Statutes . . . .” These are the elements of a simple robbery, a
second-degree felony under section 812.13(2)(c), Florida Statutes (1977), for
which the maximum sentence is 15 years under section 775.082(3)(c), Florida
Statutes (1977).
An armed robbery is committed, under section 812.13(2)(a), Florida Statutes
(1977): “If in the course of committing the robbery the offender carried a firearm
or other deadly weapon, then the robbery is a felony of the first degree, punishable
by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life imprisonment . . . .” In this
case, the recitation in Count II omits both the statutory subsection and the element
of armed robbery – possession of a firearm by the defendant. As a result of the
omissions, Count II did not allege the crime for which Knight was sentenced.
Notwithstanding the shortcomings in the Count II allegations, Knight was
sentenced to life in prison for the robbery.
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Knight filed a Rule 3.800(a) motion to correct the illegal sentence on Count
II. He argued that because Count II did not charge the essential elements of the
crime of armed robbery, he could only be sentenced to the 15 year maximum for
the charged crime, simple robbery, as a second degree felony. The trial court
denied Knight’s motion. This appeal followed.
“[A]n information is fundamentally defective where it fails to cite a specific
section and totally omits an essential element of the crime.” Weatherspoon v.
State, 214 So. 3d 578, 584 (Fla. 2017) (quoting Figueroa v. State,
84 So. 3d 1158
(Fla. 4th DCA 2012)); State v. Gray,
435 So. 2d 816, 818 (Fla. 1983).
Weatherspoon explained the origins of the rule:
In addition to the violation of a defendant's right to be
fully informed of the charges against him under article I,
section 16, of the Florida Constitution, a defendant's right to
due process under article I, section 9, is denied when there is a
conviction on a charge not made in the information or
indictment:
Due process of law requires the State to allege
every essential element when charging a
violation of law to provide the accused with
sufficient notice of the allegations against him.
. . . For an information to sufficiently charge a
crime it must follow the statute, clearly charge
each of the essential elements, and sufficiently
advise the accused of the specific crime with
which he is charged.
214 So. 3d at 583-84 (citations omitted). Count II does not do this. It does not
support the life sentence imposed.
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Knight’s case is indistinguishable from Figueroa. There, the court
elaborated as follows: “[A]n information is fundamentally defective where it fails
to cite a specific section and totally omits an essential element of the crime. And
‘[n]either a jury finding nor inclusion of the appropriate statute number in the
information can cure’ the State's failure to charge essential elements of the crime.”
Figueroa, 84 So. 3d at 1161. Under this holding, Knight was entitled to relief.
This is not a case where there is a mere technical defect in the charge –
Count II wholly fails to allege the statute violated and the essential elements of the
crime. Connolly v. State, 172 So. 3d 893, 903-04 (Fla. 3d DCA 2014). Compare
Mesa v. State,
632 So. 2d 1094, 1097 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994) (finding no error in
conviction where the information “references a specific section of the criminal
code which sufficiently details all the elements of the offense.”). The defect here
may be raised at any time and does not require a showing that the defendant was
misled in the preparation of his defense.
172 So. 3d at 904.
Because the sentence for Count II constitutes fundamental error, we reverse
the denial of the Knight’s motion, and remand for the trial court to resentence him
for Count II for simple robbery. Knight is entitled to be present at the
resentencing.
Reversed and remanded.
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