254 N.C. App. 694 - Leonard v. Bell’s Empirical Analysis
2017
Citation profile
1 state decisions
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on West v. Atkins · Veazey v. City of Durham · Stanback v. Stanback · Smith v. State · Goldston v. American Motors Corp.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“recognized several basic distinctions between a public official and a public employee, including: (1) a public office is a position created by the constitution or statutes; (2) a public official exercises a portion of the sovereign power; and (3) a public official exercises discretion, while public employees perform ministerial duties.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Because we hold that defendants' positions are not created by statute, we need not address the remaining elements to reach the conclusion that defendants are not public officials entitled to immunity.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“there is nothing uniquely sovereign about the health services provided by [the defendant, a physician,] to plaintiff in this case, except that plaintiff was an inmate”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.