State v. Hammond’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

48 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Reasonable and articulable suspicion is an objective standard that focuses not on the actual state of mind of the police officer, but on whether a reasonable person, having the information available to and known by the police would have had that level of suspicion.... The police officer's decision ... must be based on more than a hunch or speculation.... In justifying the particular intrusion the police officer must be able to point to specific and articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant that intrusion.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. 2002 Conn. Super. Ct. 13245 - State v. Paradis, No. Cr01 197032 (Oct. 18, 2002) · State v. Davis

2. “[O]rdinary citizens generally do not provide extensive recitations of the basis of their * everyday observations, and an anonymous tipster's veracity is by hypothesis largely unknown, and unknowable.... But under appropriate circumstances, an anonymous tip can demonstrate sufficient indicia of reliability to provide reasonable suspicion to make [an] investigatory stop.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Davis

3. “added nothing to the reliability or credibility of the tip, but merely allowed the police to pinpoint the persons who were the targets of the accusation.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. State v. Davis