¶1delivered the opinion of the court:
¶2John L. Shaw, the plaintiff in error, was by the verdict of a jury in the criminal pourt of Cook county found guilty of bigamy and was sentenced to the penitentiary for an indeterminate period. He has sued out this writ of error to reverse the judgment of the criminal court.
¶3The principal ground relied upon for reversal is that the evidence failed to show that the plaintiff in error was guilty of bigamy. The evidence shows that on September 19, 1900, plaintiff in error and Helen Olson went through the ceremony of marriage in New York City, and that thereafter, on November 28, 1910, without having otj.-Y tained a divorce from Helen and while she vrag.-^'ti'lí living, plaintiff in error married Lenore Smith in the city of Chicago. The defense was that the alleged marriage of plaintiff in error to Helen Olson was null and void because she then had a husband living from whom she had not been divorced.
¶4It appears from the evidence that Helen Olson, whose maiden name was Helen Schneider, was on September 4, 1888, married to Edward Olson, and thereafter lived with him in Chicago as his wife until April 27, 1889, when she left him. On January 30, 1890, she brought a suit against him in the circuit court of Cook county for separate maintenance, alleging that she was obliged to leave him on account of his extreme and repeated cruelty towards her. Olson appeared and filed an answer denying the charges' contained in her bill, and an order was entered by the court requiring him to pay temporary alimony. Shortly after the entry of this order Helen O'lson 'applied to the court for a writ of ne exeat, which was issued, but Olson left the State of Illinois and went to California before the writ could be served upon him. Nothing further was done in that suit until June, 1892, when it was dismissed for want of prosecution. In the summer of 1890 Helen Olson left Chicago and took up her residence in New York City, where she resided until after her alleged marriage to' plaintiff in error. While she was living" in New York City, and on November 23, 1892, Edward • Olson obtained a decree of divorce in the superior court of the city and county of San Francisco, in the State of California, on the ground that Helen Olson had deserted and abandoned him. The service upon the defendant in that proceeding was had by publication and she did not appear.in the suit.
¶5Plaintiff in error offered in evidence decisions rendered by the court of appeals of the State of New York which hold that where the defendant in a suit for divorce in a Yetgign State is not a resident of such State and is not personally óervcd with process in the State .where the court is sitting and does not appear in the suit, a decree in such suit granting • a divorce is null and void for all purposes within the State of New York so far as the defendant is concerned, and the defendant, notwithstanding such decree, remains a married person.
¶6Plaintiff in error contends that by reason of the foregoing facts his alleged marriage to Helen Olson in New York City on September 19, 1900, was null and void, and that he therefore did not commit the crime of bigamy by marrying Eenore Smith on November 28, 1910. Counsel for the State contend that Helen Olson and plaintiff in error were residents of Illinois at the time of their marriage and were in the State of New York temporarily at that time. It is not necessary to .determine what effect, if any, that would have on the validity of that marriage, as it conclusively appears from the evidence that Helen Olson was at that time, and had been for several years, a resident of the State of New York. Under the laws of New York this marriage was void, (People v. Baker, 76 N. Y. 78; O’Dea v. O’Dea, 101 id. 23; Williams v. Williams, 130 id. 193;) and as. the law of New York must control as to the validity of the marriage, (McDeed v. McDeed, 67 Ill. 545; Canale v. People, 177 id. 219; Reifschneider v. Reifschneider, 241 id. 92;) it must be held to be void in this State. His marriage with Helen Olson being invalid because of her inability to enter into the contract, plaintiff in error did not commit bigamy by his later marriage with Lenore Smith.
¶7Some months after the marriage of plaintiff in error and Helen Olson they removed from New York to this State and cohabited together here for almost ten years, and it is contended on the part of the People that this ratification of the ceremony of marriage performed in the State of New York constituted a common law marriage. There is nothing in the record which indicates that these parties contemplated or desired a common law marriage or that they entered into such a contract. Their cohabitation was pursuant to the ceremony of marriage performed in New York, and it does not appear that either of them doubted the validity of that marriage until after their separation.
¶8The judgment of the criminal court is reversed.
¶9Judgment reversed.