Ward & Gow v. Krinsky’s Empirical Analysis
259 U.S. 503 · 1922
Citation profile
9 federal appellate · 60 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 120 later decisions (32 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2008 · most notably Crowell v. Benson (1932), Louisville Gas & Electric Co. v. Coleman (1928)
9 federal appellate · 60 state decisions — followed in 14 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Munn v. Illinois · New York Central Railroad Company v. Sarah White · Mountain Timber Company v. State of Washington · Middleton v. Texas Power & Light Co. · Jeffrey Manufacturing Co. v. Blagg
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 120 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Accidents cannot be relied upon to follow the symmetrical lines of group description; . . . Even clerks and salesmen cannot, in this busy day, be confidently treated as immune from industrial hazards;- if a general rule must be declared, it would be safer to say, on the basis of experience, that no occupation is free from industrial hazard, than to say that any specified occupation is free. . . . the legislature may have realized . . . what indeed is proverbial, that accidents do not conform to types; that they are one thing that happen “simply because” —they are accidents.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority““What was it they were aiming at, and how did they seek to accomplish it? We need not be sure of hitting upon a correct,' much less a complete, explanation. Upon the general presumption referred to the questioned group must stand, unless it were demonstrated to a moral certainty, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the grouping could not possibly be explained on reasonable grounds.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Festervand v. Laster““All other employments not hereinbefore enumerated carried on by any person, firm or corporation in which there are engaged or employed four or more workmen or operatives regularly, in the same business . . . except farm laborers and domestic servants.” Consol. Laws, c. 67, §2, group 45, as added by Laws 1918, c. 634.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.