26 Cal. 4th 779 - People v. Williams’s Empirical Analysis
2001
Citation profile
22 federal appellate · 166 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 218 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably 31 Cal. 4th 363 - Lantzy v. Centex Homes (2003), United States v. Grajeda (2009)
22 federal appellate · 166 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Neder v. United States · 20 Cal. 4th 163 - Cel-Tech Communications, Inc. v. Los Angeles Cellular Telephone Co. · 1 Cal. 3d 444 - People v. Hood · 52 Cal. 3d 1142 - Harris v. Capital Growth Investors XIV
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 218 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“an intentional act and actual knowledge of those facts sufficient to establish that the act by its nature will probably and directly result in the application of physical force against another.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage“defendant is only guilty of assault if he intends to commit an act which would be indictable as a battery....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“Because assault criminalizes conduct based on what might have happened-and not what actually happened-the mental state for assault incorporates the language of probability, i.e., direct, natural and probable consequences.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.