Gray v. Commonwealth’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

4 federal appellate · 24 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “In Virginia, the crime of conspiracy is complete when the parties agree to commit an offense .... No overt act in furtherance of the underlying crime is necessary.”) (internal citations omitted); 16 Am.Jur.2d Conspiracy § 15 (“At common law a criminal conspiracy was completed when the agreement was made, and an overt act was not a necessary incident of the crime.”). 28 .Notably, the only circuit to have addressed these questions — the Second Circuit — held (i) that RICO was not intended to incorporate the elements of the state law offenses where the offense occurred, but”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. 310 F. Supp. 2d 763 - United States v. Cuong Gia Le

2. “[d]efendant has no standing to mount a broad, general, facial statutory challenge because he does not contend his conduct was constitutionally protected nor is the First Amendment implicated”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Jaynes v. Com.