263 F. Supp. 327 - Washington v. Lee’s Empirical Analysis
1966
Citation profile
79 federal appellate · 13 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 181 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2022 · most notably Goosby v. Osser (1973), Johnson v. California (2005)
79 federal appellate · 13 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · Robinson v. State of California · Price v. Johnston · Barrows v. Jackson · Cooper v. Pate
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 181 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“* * * In this regard, this Court can conceive of no consideration of prison security or discipline which will sustain the constitutionality of state statutes that on their face require complete and permanent segregation of the races in all the Alabama penal facilities. We recognize that there is merit in the contention that in some isolated instances prison security and discipline necessitates segregation of the races for a limited period. However, recognition of such instances does nothing to bolster the statutes or the general practice that requires or permits prison or jail officials to separate the races arbitrarily. Such statutes and practices must be declared unconstitutional in light of the clear principles controlling.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]t is well established that prisoners do not lose all their constitutional rights and that the Due Process and Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment follow them into prison and protect them there from unconstitutional action on the part of prison authorities carried out under color of state law.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Twelve years ago, in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954, 347 U.S. 483 , 74 S.Ct. 686 , 98 L.Ed. 873 , the Supreme Court effectively foreclosed the question of whether a State may maintain racially segregated schools. The principle extends to all institutions controlled or operated by the State. ‘[I]t is no longer open to ques tion that a State may not constitutionally require segregation of public facilities.’ Johnson v. Virginia, 1963, 373 U.S. 61, 62 , 83 S.Ct. 1053, 1054 , 10 L.Ed.2d 195 .””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.