Commonwealth v. Bower’s Empirical Analysis
2002
Citation profile
17
cited by 17 later decisions
1
states following
March 2019
most recently cited
15 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Higginbotham v. Commonwealth · Sutton v. Commonwealth · Bailey v. Commonwealth · 36 Va. App. 382 - Bower v. Commonwealth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 17 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Intimidation may occur without threats. Intimidation ... means putting a victim in fear of bodily harm by exercising such domination and control of her as to overcome her mind and overbear her will.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[m]atters such as the victim's age, the relative size of the defendant and victim, the familial relationship between the defendant and victim, . . . are relevant matters to be considered with other testimony when determining whether the victim was put in fear of bodily harm.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“It defies human experience to conclude that fear of the possibility of bodily injury caused by sexual assault is insufficient `fear of bodily harm' for purposes of establishing sexual assault by intimidation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.