The E. H. Pray

¶8Benedict, J.

¶9One Hayes, upon the order of the libelant, shipped on the schooner E. II. Pray a cargo of clay, for which the master of the schooner issued to Hayes a bill of lading in the ordinary form, providing for the transportation of the clay from Amboy to New Haven, and its delivery there to the libelant on the payment of freight. One copy of this bill of lading, together with an invoice of the clay, Hayes furnished to the libelant, who received the same. Upon the arrival of the vessel at New Haven, and before the delivery of the clay, Hayes appeared, and asserting the insolvency of the libelant, and the non-payment of the price of the clay, required the master of the vessel not to deliver the clay to the libelant, but to take it to New York. The master of the vessel obeyed the directions of Hayes, refused to deliver tlie clay to the libelant, and took it to New York. Whereupon the libelant sues the schooner upon the bill of lading to recover damages for the non-delivery of the cargo to Him. "

¶10Upon these facts the question is not whether Hayes, the vendor, as between himself and the vendee, could lawfully stop the clay in transitu; but whether, the clay having been slopped in transitu by Hayes, the libelant can recover on the bill of lading for non-delivery of the clay to him. Here the direction to deliver the clay to the libelant contained in the bill of lading was countermanded by the shipper, and the goods stopped by him, before delivery to the vendee or negotiation of the bill of lading. At this time the price of the clay had not in fact been paid, the lransitus had not in fact been ended, and the insolvency of the vendee was asserted by the vendor as the reason of exercising the right of stoppage in transitu, and believed by the master. Under such circumstances I do not think the risk of determining the question of the vendee’s solvency can be cast upon the master of the ship. As it seems to me, the assertion of the fact of insolvency by the vendor, made in good faith and believed by the master of tlie ship, coupled with the facts that the goods had not been paid for nor the price secured, and the other fact that the stoppage was made during the continuance of the lransitus, justified the master in delivering the cargo to Hayes, the shipper and vendor, in place of the libelant, and gave the libelant no right of action against the ship.

¶11In the case of The Tigress, Brown. & L. 45, it is said:

“The vendor exercises his right of stoppage in transitu at his own peril; and it is incumbent upon the master to give effect to that right so soon as he is satisfied that it is the vendor who claims the goods, unless he (the master) is aware of a legal defeasance of the vendor’s claim.”

¶12Here Hayes was the vendor of the goods; he had not been paid by the libelant; there was no legal defeasance of the'vendor’s claim, and tho vendor demanded the goods upon the ground of the insolv*476ency of the vendee. These circumstances justified the master in refusing to deliver the goods to the libelant, and constitute a good defense to such an action as this.

¶13The libel is dismissed, and with costs.

¶14NOTE.

¶15The right of stoppage in transitu exists until the goods are delivered to the buyer, or possession, actual or constructive, is taken by him. Hall v. Dimond, (N. H.) 3 Atl. Rep. 423.

¶16The seizure of personal property, consigned to purchasers, by virtue of process against their goods, does not destroy the vendor’s right of stoppage in transitu. Sherman v. Rugee, (Wis.) 13 N. W. Rep. 241.

¶17The vendor’s right of stoppage in transitu is not defeated by the arrival of the goods at the place of destination, but is only terminated by the goods passing into the actual or constructive possession of the vendee. Greve v. Dunham, (Iowa,) 14 N. W. Rep. 130.

¶18The right of stoppage in transitu may be asserted by the vendor of goods at any time before their delivery to the vendee by the carrier. United States Wind Engine & Pump Co. v. Oliver, (Neb.) 21 N. W. Rep. 463.

¶19Where a wholesale merchant has sold goods to a retail dealer on six months’ time, such merchant cannot claim the right to stop said goods in transit without showing that the purchaser is insolvent, and that the goods have not been delivered to him. Walsh v. Blakely, (Mont.) 9 Pac. Rep. 809.

¶20When goods are sold on the condition that title shall not pass until they are paid for, the vendor retains the right to stoppage in transitu, as against the vendee, oran innocent third person who purchases of the vendee before the arrival of the bill of lading or the goods. Pattison v. Culton, 33 Ind. 240.

¶21A merchant may exercise the right of stoppage in transitu while goods remain in the hands of the carrier. Calahan v. Babcock, 21 Ohio St. 281.

¶22Where a merchant sold goods which were levied on and seized under an execution against the purchaser while they were in the hands of the carrier, and the freight charges paid, it was held that the vendor’s right of stoppage in transitu was not terminated by the levy and seizure. Rucker v. Donovan, 13 Kan. 251.

¶23The seller of goods may stop them in transit on account of the purchaser’s insolvency existing before, but not known to the seller until after, the sale. Loeb v. Peters, 63 Ala. 243.

¶24It is said that the right of stoppage in transitu is lost if the purchaser has sold the goods, and indorsed the bill of lading to a subpurchaser for value in good faith. St. Paul Roller-Mill Co. v. Great Western Despatch Co., ante, 434; Loeb v. Peters, 63 Ala. 243. See, also, Newhall v. Central Pac. R. Co. 51 Cal. 345.