No. 91-55718’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
15 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 115 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Dowling v. Finley Associates, Inc. (1999), Lauren Wallis v. Mary Spencer
15 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor · City of Canton v. Harris
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 115 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Because questions of reasonableness are not well-suited to precise legal determination, the propriety of a particular use of force is generally an issue for the jury.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a]n officer is not entitled to qualified immunity on the grounds that the law is not clearly established every time a novel method is used to inflict injury.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“in light of the legal rules that were clearly established at the time it was taken.” Chew v. Gates, 27 F.3d 1432, 1446 (9th Cir.1994) (citation and internal quotations omitted).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.