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270 Ind. 675

389 N.E.2d 272

Debose v. State

Indiana Supreme Court

Decided May 7, 1979

Indiana Supreme Court · decided 1979-05-07

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“[a] jury must determine beyond a reasonable doubt, from the evidence presented, whether an accused did those specific acts which constituted the crime with which he was charged. In performing this Guilt assessing task, the jury must be oblivious to the legislature's punishment scheme. To hold otherwise, we would be condoning verdicts in which the jury might compromise, to the defendant's benefit or detriment, in order to reach a certain number of years of imprisonment.”

quoted by 5 later decisions, including Fox v. State, Coy v. State

“'The court shall fix the penalty of and sentence a person convicted of an offense,”

quoted by 2 later decisions, including Horne v. State, Rodriguez v. State

Relies on Kocher v. State

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1979-05-07

How this case has been cited

Cited by 76 later decisions — most recently November 2009 · most notably Morgan v. State (1981), Williams v. State (1979)

76 state decisions

5901979198019902000decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

HUNTER, Justice.

¶1 Johnny Albert Debose, defendant, was found guilty, by jury, of the crime of robbery, a class A felony. He was sentenced to forty years’ imprisonment. In his appeal to this Court, he raises a single issue: did the trial court err in refusing to give his tendered instruction which would have informed the jury of the punishment applicable to the various classes of crimes?

¶2 Before we address the merits of the defendant’s argument, we note that the defendant has not actually preserved the alleged error for our consideration. He has failed to set out the verbatim tendered instruction within the argument section of his appellate brief. The noncompliance with Ind. Rules A.P. 8.3(A)(7) constitutes waiver. Nonetheless, we shall discuss the problem raised.

¶3 West’s Ann.Ind.Code § 35-50-1-1 (1978) states that “[t]he court shall fix the penalty of and sentence a person convicted of an offense.” This change in the law, effective October 1, 1977, abolishes jury sentencing. The defendant would assert, however, that because the Indiana Constitution provides that the jury shall determine the law and the facts it necessarily follows that the jury must be instructed regarding penalties. See Ind.Const. Art. 1, § 19; Ind.Code § 35-1-35-1 (Burns 1979).

¶4 He is wrong. A jury must be instructed upon matters of law which are necessary for their information in giving their verdict. Ind.Code § 35-1-35-1 (Burns 1979). Since juries may no longer fulfill any function regarding sentencing, the amount of penalty prescribed by the legislature is irrelevant. This is especially true in that most penal statutes under the new code contemplate augmenting or decreasing a basic sentence depending upon aggravating or mitigating circumstances. See West’s Ann.Ind.Code § 35-4.1-4-7 (1978). The sentencing judge may also suspend a sentence or impose consecutive terms of imprisonment in certain cases. Considering the wide range of options available to the trial court at the time it sentences a convicted defendant, we believe that it would serve no useful purpose to inform the jury of possible penalties.

¶5 It would serve no legal purpose either. A jury must determine beyond a reasonable doubt, from the evidence presented, whether an accused did those specific acts which constituted the crime with which he was charged. In performing this guilt assessing task, the jury must be oblivious to the legislature’s punishment scheme. To hold otherwise, we would be condoning verdicts in which the jury might compromise, to the defendant’s benefit or *274 detriment, in order to reach a certain number of years of imprisonment. In earlier decisions, regarding statutes requiring the jury to state the penalty within the verdict, this Court has held that the jury must be informed of the penalty even if the jury had no discretion in assessing the amount of penalty. See Kocher v. State, (1979) Ind., 389 N.E.2d 18. Such an interpretation is inapplicable under the current law.

¶6 For all of the foregoing reasons, there was no trial court error, and the judgment of the trial court should be affirmed.

¶7 J udgment affirmed.

GIVAN, C. J., and DeBRULER, PRENTICE and PIVARNIK, JJ., concur.
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