Collins v. Kephart’s Empirical Analysis
1921
Citation profile
53 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 55 later decisions — most recently November 1995 · most notably Busser v. Snyder (1924), Commonwealth Ex Rel. Schnader v. Liveright (1927)
53 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Bradfield v. Roberts · Miller v. Belmont Packing & Rubber Co. · Commonwealth Title Insurance & Trust Co. v. Seltzer · Hysong v. Gallitzin Borough School District · Hindman's Appeal
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 55 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“... when a charitable, benevolent, or educational establishment is `denominational or sectarian' according to the meaning of this term as understood by the average man, even though the institution in question may bestow its benefits on others, and permit those outside the ranks of the sect or denomination involved to take part in its management, it is none the less a sectarian or denominational institution.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage““No appropriations shall be made for charitable, educational or benevolent purposes to any person or community nor to any denominational and sectarian institution, corporation or association: . . .””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage““The last appropriation we must consider is to the Jewish Hospital Association of Philadelphia, a Pennsylvania corporation whose charter contains the following preamble: ‘Since there is no institution now in existence within the State of Pennsylvania under the control of Israelites wherein they can place their sick, and where these can enjoy during their illness all the benefits and consolations of our religion, we, the subscribers and our successors, associate ourselves, etc.’ “The defendant association, which owns the property occupied by, and controls what is popularly known as, the Jewish Hospital, is confined to persons of the ‘Jewish faith’; but neither the chief physician nor the chief nurse is a Jew. The great body of the patients are outside that faith, and none of them is obliged to attend religious ceremonies or worship of any kind. The fact remains, however, that this hospital is a sectarian institution according to the sense in which that term is used in the Constitution. “The establishment under consideration is one of the noble contributions of the Israelites of Philadelphia to the cause of charity; but it falls within the broad meaning of the term ‘sectarian,’ as that word is understood by the people generally. The Jews are commonly believed to constitute a distinct religious body, or sect, and to all such bodies, whether Christian or otherwise, our organic law forbids the legislature to give recognition by the appropriation of public funds to their charitable”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.