Carrubba v. Moskowitz’s Empirical Analysis
2005
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 30 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently August 2025 · most notably Wesley v. Schaller Subaru, Inc. (2006), Gallo v. Barile (2007)
2 federal appellate · 2 district · 30 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Butz v. Economou · Carnegie v. United States · Whitmore v. Arkansas · Verderber v. Cantello Plumbing Corp. · Brame v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“not every category of persons protected by immunity are entitled to absolute immunity. In fact, just the opposite presumption prevails — categories of persons protected by immunity are entitled only to the scope of immunity that is necessary to protect those persons in the performance of their duties. The presumption is that qualified rather than absolute immunity is sufficient to protect government officials in the exercise of their duties.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Gross v. Rell“[A] guardian ad litem for the minor child or children shall be heard on all matters pertaining to the interests of any child, including the custody, care, support, education and visitation of the child, so long as the court deems such representation to be in the best interests of the child....'' General Statutes § 46b-54 (f) provides in relevant part:”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“[F]or the purposes of an immunity analysis, the court-appointed attorney for the minor child most closely resembles a guardian ad litem,'' and”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.