Stout v. Potter’s Empirical Analysis
276 F.3d 1118 · 2002
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 7 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 48 later decisions — most recently April 2023 · most notably Santoni v. Potter (2004), Noyes v. Kelly Services (2007)
11 federal appellate · 7 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Hazelwood School District v. United States · Watson v. Fort Worth Bank & Trust · Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 48 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“employment practices that are facially neutral in their treatment of different groups but that in fact fall more harshly on one group than another and cannot be justified by business necessity.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“A selection rate for any race, sex, or ethnic group which is less than four-fifths (4/5) (or eighty percent) of the rate for the group with the highest rate will generally be regarded by the Federal enforcement agencies as evidence of adverse impact, while a greater than four-fifths rate will generally not be regarded by Federal enforcement agencies as evidence of adverse impact.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“may be analyzed as a single employment practice if `the complaining party can demonstrate to the court that the elements of [the employer's] decisionmaking process are not capable of separation for analysis.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Malave v. Potter
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.