279 Ga. App. 247 - State v. Dukes’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

27 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 27 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “[s]ince [the suspects, including Galindo-Eriza] had the right to leave the encounter, [their] exercise of that right, even if accomplished by running, cannot constitute obstruction. That is to say, even though the officers were lawfully discharging their official duties at the time [the suspects] fled, those official duties during the first-tier encounter did not include detaining [the suspects] or preventing [them] from leaving. Consequently, by exercising [their] right to leave the first-tier encounter, [the suspects] did not, as a matter of law or fact, hinder or obstruct the officers’ lawful discharge of their duties.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. 343 Ga. App. 310 - JOHNSON v. the STATE. · 306 Ga. App. 19 - Galindo-Eriza v. State

2. “[a] ¡though a tip provided by an informant of unknown reliability will not ordinarily create a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity, if the tip is detailed enough to provide some basis for predicting the future behavior of the suspect, reliability may be established if the details are corroborated by the observations of the police.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. The State v. Williams · Register v. State

3. “police officers may approach citizens, ask for identification, and freely question the citizen without any basis or belief that the citizen is involved in criminal activity, as long as the officers do not detain the citizen or create the impression that the citizen may not leave. The second tier occurs when the officer actually conducts a brief investigative Terry stop of the citizen. In this level, a police officer, even in the absence of probable cause, may stop persons and detain them briefly, when the officer has a particularized and objective basis for suspecting the persons are involved in criminal activity.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. 300 Ga. App. 55 - State v. Miller