UNITED STATES
V.
RENNECKE.
847
name of the United States, against such person or persons as may have the actual or constructive custody or possession of such persona) estate or property, or any part thereof; and shall subject such prop· erty or personal estate, or any portion of the same, to be sold upon the judgment or decree of such c01;lrt." The language of the act is imperative that this remedy shall be pursued if payment of the tax: is not made, and that it shall be in the name of the United States. This could not be expressed in clearer or more explicit language. If it is plain, then, that congress intended that the proceedings prescribed by the statute should be the remedy pnrsued by the United States when the tax: was not paid, then the common-law rule above stated applies, and a common-law action cannot be maintained. This is decisive of the case against the United' States, and the judgment of the district court is affirmed.
UNITED STATES (District Oourt,
RENNECKE and another. 1886.)
w: D. South Oarolina.
One is engaged in the business of a retail liquor dealer, within the meaning of Rev. St. U. S. § 3242, if he has liquor on hand to be sold to any ODe who applies for it. 2. SAME-SINGLE ACT. Evidence of a single act of selling may be sufficient for conviction. The absence of a bar and other appliances should not weigh much in defense. 3. SAME-CARRYING ON RETAIL LIQUOR BUSINESS. .' .: . Supplying a friend as a matter of accommodation merely, from.liquor on hand for private use, is not carrying OD the business, although mODey :is reo ceived for it. . ,
1.
INTERNAL REVENUE-VIOLATION OF LAWS-RETAIL LIQUOR DEALER.
Indictment for Carrying on Retail Liquor Business without·Lic/mse. Mr. Youmans, Dist. Atty., for the United States. Mr. Cooke, for defendants. SIMONTON, J., (charging jury.) The defendants are inl;1icted for the violation of section 3242 of the Revised Statutes, in that theycarHed on the business of retail liquor dealers without liaving paid the special tax. The question you niust answer· by· your verdict is, did,they carryon the business of retail liquor dealers? The sale of .liquor on more than one occasion has been testified to by several witn.'esses. In answering this question regard must be had to the attenaing the sll.le. If the sale was under such circumstances aaindicated that the defendants had the liquor on hand to be sold ,to any one who applied for it, then they may be said to have been engaged in the business, although but one act of selling has been the other hand,if they permitted a neighbororfriend
848
FEDERAL REPORTER.
of the supply of whisky which they had on hand for their own use, and did this in flo spirit of accommodation, they could not be said to be engaged in the business, even if they received money for this accommodation. U. S. v. Jackson, 1 Hughes, 532. In answering this question, you need not be influenced by the fact that no proof has been given that the defendants had no bar-room, nor the usual appliances of retail liquor dealers, although stress was laid upon this in the case in Hughes. The cases which you have heard during this term show that the favorite mode of violating this law is by going about the country with a wagon, and by selling whisky out of a tin cup or by the bottle. Perhaps the best explanation of the term "being engaged in the business" is this: When a person has procured spirituous liquor with the intent to sell it out again in small quantities to anyone who may apply for it, or, having it on hand, determines to sell it out to any one who may apply for it, he must pay the special tax. If does not, his attempt to carry out his intent is a violation of the law, for he is engaged in the business of retail liquor dealer without having paid the special tax.
v.
GASTON.
(District Oourt, No D. Ohio. June Term, 1BB6.) INTERNAL REVENUE LAWS-SELLING LIQUOR AND TOBACCO WITHOUT A LICENSE -INDICTMENT-MISJOINDER-REV. ST. U. S. 1024.
Section 1024, Rev. St. U. S., providing that when "there are several charges against any person for two or more acts or transactions of the same class of crimes or offenses, which may be properly joined, instead of having several indictments, the whole maybe joined in one indictment, in separate counts," does not alter the common-law rule that the accused shall not be tried at the same time for different offenses; and an indictment charging the accused, in one count, with carrying on the business of a retail liquor dealer without having paid the special tax, and. in another, with dealing in manufactured tobacco without payment of the special tax, will be quashed.
S
Indictment. R. S. Shields, Dist. Atty., for the United States. Harvey Scribner and L. B. Peasly, for the defendant. The indictment charges four separate offenses: (1) That the defendant carried on the business of retailing liquor without posting in his place the stamp denoting the payment of the special tax required by law; (2) that he carried on the said business without having paid the special tax required by law; (3) that he carried on the business of dealing in manufactured tobacco without posting in the place the stamp denoting the payment of the special tax required by law; (4) that he carried on the said business without having paid the special tax required by law. , The first and third offenses are charged under section 3239, Rev. St. U. S., and are misdemeanors punishable by fine. The second offense is charged